In this respect, Oppezzo et al demonstrated the association between bone marrow failure and the constitutive expression of Microphthalmia Transcription Factor (MiTF) in mouse FA HSCs, through the cooperative, unscheduled activation of several stress-signaling pathways, including the SMAD2/3, p38 MAPK, NF-κB, and AKT cascades (Oppezzo et al., 2020). This evidence concerns the gene SMAD2 and Friedreich ataxia.