Overall, the median level of ISM1 was 1.3 ng/L in our study, slightly lower than the level of 3.72 ng/mL in subjects with a significantly higher BMI (27 in the previous study vs. 25 in our cohort) (12), but comparable to the level of approximately 0.9-1.1 ng/mL found in individuals with diabetes and a similar BMI range to ours (36). Here, ISM1 is linked to diabetes mellitus.