XBP1 and hepatocellular carcinoma: Consistently, we found > 50% reduction in Xbp1 transcriptions after 24 h of treatment, demonstrating that miR-214 downregulates Xbp1 in macrophages in addition to cardiomyocytes[21] and hepatocellular cancer cells[22], implying that Xbp1 negative regulation by exogenous miR-214 is not cell type-restricted.