CD4 and AIDS: In AIDS, the T-helper cells are affected, and therefore patients are less able to control fungal infections that are normally controlled by CD4+ immunity; hence the primary pathogens tend to be AIDS-associated (Almeida 2008, Brown et al. 2014, Devi et al. 2020, Myint et al. 2020, Qin et al. 2020; Centers of Disease Control List of AIDS-defining illnesses).