Julia et al. detected pro-carcinogenic bacteria Bacteroides fragilis, F. nucleatum, and Escherichia coli virulence genes (bft, fadA, pks) prior and post FMT in recurrent CDI patients, revealing that those pro-carcinogenic bacteria virulence genes to have reduced levels or were not detected post-FMT [24]. This evidence concerns the gene ARAF and clostridium difficile infection.