Julia et al. detected Bacteroides fragilis, F. nucleatum, Escherichia coli, and their virulence genes (bft, fadA, pks) pre-FMT and post-FMT in CDI patients, found that the levels of these oncobacterium and virulence genes were reduced or undetectable post-FMT [24]. This evidence concerns the gene ARAF and clostridium difficile infection.