To exclude the possibility that GNAS low-associated TE upregulation was due to stromal/immune cell enrichment, we additionally assessed TE expression for two B-cell-specific markers MS4A1 (CD20) and CD19. Both the MS4A1 and CD19 low groups displayed a higher level of TE downregulation over upregulation (Fig. 6C; Supplementary Fig. 7C, D), suggesting that GNAS low-associated TE upregulation was tumor-intrinsic. Here, GNAS is linked to neoplasm.