GSDME and hepatocellular carcinoma: However, Liang et al. found that incomplete radiofrequency ablation promotes cell pyroptosis via the caspase-3/GSDME pathway, leading to increased programmed cell death 1 ligand-1 (PD-L1) expression in residual HCC cells and consequent resistance to anti-PD-L1 immunotherapy by bolstering T cell exhaustion [45].