CXCL1 and hepatocellular carcinoma: Moreover, C-X-C motif chemokine ligand-1 (CXCL1) and CXCL2 are known to affect the expression of BCL-2 family genes through the C-X-C chemokine receptor-2 (CXCR2)/extracellular regulated protein kinase (ERK) signaling pathway, which enhances HCC cell activity and reduces the apoptotic effect of sorafenib, thereby contributing to drug resistance.