CD8A and hepatocellular carcinoma: Necroptosis thus plays a paradoxical role in liver pathology; it fosters inflammation, fibrosis, and HCC evolution; however, in existing HCC, it can also invoke tumor cell death and exert a tumoricidal effect by modulating the necrotic tumor microenvironment (TME), including macrophage polarization and CD8 + T cell infiltration (Fig. 2).