VEGFA and cancer: Glioblastoma (also called glioblastoma multiform or grade IV astrocytoma) is the most common malignant brain tumor, accounting for more than 50% of all primary brain tumors in adults, with a median survival of 14–20 months after treatment with temozolomide (TMZ), vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) inhibitors, radiation, and other adjuvant therapies [1–3].