BDNF and infection: It has been shown that IFN‐γ and IL‐1β induce astrogliosis and microgliosis, enhance the secretion of brain‐derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF), one of the many neurotrophic factors after brain injury or infection, and promote the survival of cortical neurons.[44] Taken together, these vaccine‐induced cytokines create a robust immune environment that improves protection against SARS‐CoV‐2 by controlling viral replication and spread within the host.