The E-value for our primary outcome of all-cause mortality with GLP-1-RA versus DPP-4i exposure was 3.59 (CI 2.00 to 5.91), indicating that an unmeasured confounder would need to be associated with both GLP-1-RA use and all-cause mortality by a risk ratio of 3.59 to nullify our findings. Here, GLP1R is linked to rheumatoid arthritis.