TGM2 and cancer: Furthermore, TGM2 possesses kinase activity and was shown to be capable of phosphorylating insulin-like growth factor-binding protein-3 (IGFBP-3), p53, AKT, etc. [21–23] This enzymatic activity of TGM2 highly contributes to its oncogenic potential, as it is often involved in the important pathways of cell proliferation that are dysregulated in multiple types of cancer.