Our results, therefore, indicate that activation of T cells via HLA-DR by IDO inhibition — concurrent with cART, which restricts SIV viremia and controls TB reactivation, thus limiting M. tuberculosis antigenic burden — does not cause chronic immune activation observed in cART-naive M. tuberculosis/SIV–coinfected RMs. This evidence concerns the gene IDO1 and heterotaxy, visceral, 5, autosomal.