STING1 and metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease: Oxidative stress and apoptosis cause mitochondrial DNA leaking in nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) (4), nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) (4), alcoholic liver disease (ALD) (5), and renal diseases (6); this “foreign” DNA is detected by cGAS-STING signaling and subsequently triggers the immune system.