CXCR4 and cancer: Platinum-treated clinical samples of NSCLC show elevated CXCL12 levels, which were associated with worse clinical outcomes (69).High levels of CXCL12, the ligand for CXCR4, have been found in metastasis in organs such as the lung, liver, bone marrow, and lymph nodes through the recruitment of CXCR4-expressing cancer cells (63, 70–72).