HLF and allergic disease: Literature searches for the primary protein of interest, human lactoferrin, did not identify studies showing allergy to this protein, even though the amino acid sequence is moderately identical to known potential allergens, bovine lactoferrin and ovo-transferrin—for example, there are no publications showing IgE cross-reactivity to hLF from sera of those allergic to bovine milk, but in rare cases, bLF is the target of IgE binding from those allergic to cow’s milk outright (57) or due to α-gal carbohydrate on the asparagine-linked sites on bLF (58).