A study on M2-Exos and miR-21-5p revealed that M2-Exos facilitated the migration, invasion, and EMT of RCC cells, with miR-21-5p in M2-Exos promoting RCC metastasis by inhibiting PTEN/Akt signaling (Zhang et al., 2022). Here, AKT1 is linked to renal cell carcinoma.