Known stromal EMT-inducing signals, such as hypoxia, inflammation, and TGF-beta, enhance the expression of key ABC transporters, including ABCB1 (P-gp), ABCC1 (MRP1), and ABCG2 (BCRP), in various cancers, including PDAC (Jiang et al., 2017; Santamaria et al., 2019; Okada et al., 2021). Here, ABCC1 is linked to cancer.