HOTAIR and Myocardial fibrosis: In myocardial fibrosis, the dysregulated expression of lncRNAs TDRG1, LINC01013, HOTAIR, miR-9, and miR-221/222 regulates the activation of ERK/JNK signaling pathway, the proliferation, migration, differentiation, and autophagy of cardiac fibroblasts as well as myocardial tissue inflammatory response which in turn promotes the progression of myocardial fibrosis 167, 168.