Moreover, FT@XBP1 had the following functions: reducing the expression of XBP1s, reprogramming macrophages toward the M2 phenotype under lipotoxic stress conditions, and subsequently ameliorating liver injury, infiltration of inflammatory cells, collagen deposition, and fibrosis in the FFC diet-induced MASH model. The gene discussed is XBP1; the disease is metabolic dysfunction-associated steatohepatitis.