KRAS and non-small cell lung carcinoma: Although some studies seem to support an immunosuppressive role for KRAS in NSCLC tumors (6), there is a growing body of clinical evidence suggesting that KRAS-mutated tumors may be associated with favorable responses to immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICI; ref. 2) For example, recent clinical studies have shown that KRAS-mutated lung cancers treated with ICI-based immunotherapy demonstrated objective response rates of up to 41%, which was associated with 1-year progression-free survival rates of 12% to 28% (7, 8).