Additionally, the release of EVs in the sandfly midgut and their co‐inoculation during host infection exacerbate cutaneous lesion pathology by increasing the production of cytokines, including IL‐2, IL‐4, IL‐10, IL‐17, IL‐23 and IFN‐γ (Atayde et al., 2016). The gene discussed is IFNG; the disease is infection.