This happens due to a lack of insulin in the case of type 1 diabetes (T1D) or defects in insulin action and secretion in the case of type 2 diabetes (T2D).[1, 2, 3, 4, 5] In 2021, the International Diabetes Federation reported that 425 million people worldwide had diabetes, with the majority having T2D. Here, INS is linked to type 2 diabetes mellitus.