Moreover, ginsenosides basically inhibit various COPD-related pathogenesis processes, such as inflammatory responses (TNF-α, IL-6, IL-1β, NF-κB induction and translocation), kinase phosphorylation (MAPK and ERK1/2), and oxidative stress (ROS) [98]. The gene discussed is NFKB1; the disease is chronic obstructive pulmonary disease.