RNF43 and neoplasm: Although nonsense-mediated decay can complicate interpretation of differential gene expression levels38, among the WNT pathway driver genes, RNF43, AXIN2, SOX9, ZNRF3, CTNNB1 and AMER1 had 55–334% higher expression in tumours while TCF7L2, APC and CTNND1 had 15–24% higher expression in unaffected control colorectal tissue (Supplementary Table 25).