Similar to NRAS(G12V)-N1ICD-driven tumours (Extended Data Fig. 8a), early-onset tumours with DS3–4 were mostly positive for nestin and NOTCH1, whereas the majority of late-onset differentiated tumours (DS1–2) were negative for nestin/NOTCH1 (Fig. 4a,b). This evidence concerns the gene NOTCH1 and neoplasm.