Similarly, when compared with previously defined human HCC subclasses46, we observed a striking correlation: our branch 1 and branch 2 cells highly expressed genes associated with subclass S3 (well-differentiated HCC with better overall survival) and subclass S1 (typified by TGFβ and WNT activity), respectively, in a mutually exclusive manner (Fig. 4c). Here, TGFB1 is linked to hepatocellular carcinoma.