The spontaneous increase in oncogenic RAS expression during tumorigenesis was also supported by the analysis of The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) datasets25, in which RAS transcript in human pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (KRAS) and other types of tumours tended to be higher in tumours with mutant RAS than with wild-type RAS (Extended Data Fig. 2f). This evidence concerns the gene KRAS and neoplasm.