Of these genes, TAP2, B2M, IRF1, TAP1, HLA-A, HLA-B and HLA-C were formally and independently classed as CRC drivers, with strongest signals in MSI cancers, but also discovered in MSS cancers (for example, HLA-A and B2M) (Fig. 3g and Supplementary Table 4). Here, IRF1 is linked to cancer.