AIF1 and Stroke: In mice subjected to stroke induced by dMCAo, LPS injection (0.2 mg/kg, i.p.), administered 48 h prior to ischemic onset, strongly increased the overlap between neurons (NeuN+) and microglia (Iba1+), compared to saline injection (n = 7–9 mice per group; P = 0.0125, unpaired t test) (Fig 2D and 2E).