CSF1R and brain infarction: For instance, intravascular injection of exogenous microglia minimized brain injury in gerbils subjected to global cerebral ischemia [17], whereas selective ablation of microglia by colony-stimulating factor 1 receptor (CSF1R) inhibition exacerbated brain infarction in mice subjected to focal ischemic stroke and repopulation of microglia reversed the effect of microglial ablation [18–20].