INS and obesity due to melanocortin 4 receptor deficiency: In vitro and in vivo experimental studies have indicated that lignans possess antidiabetic properties, including enhancements in insulin sensitivity, regulation of glucose homeostasis, obesity prevention, and protection against oxidative stress and inflammation—all of which are closely linked to the development of T2D.3,12,13,27,38,39,40 Our previous work4,5 has further emphasized the significance of plant lignan conversion to enterolactone by the gut microbiota.