PRCC and nonpapillary renal cell carcinoma: According to the latest studies, the expression of C1QB was upregulated in CCRCC patients (Zhang et al., 2016), glioma patients (Mangogna et al., 2019b), gastric cancer patients (Jiang et al., 2020), CRC patients (Deng et al., 2022), PRCC(Mangogna et al., 2019a), and breast cancer (Mangogna et al., 2019a).