CRP and anemia (phenotype): In a subsequent study of patients with advanced cancer (59% with gastrointestinal cancers) (15), the Vigano classification (18) was modified to only include criteria readily accessible to clinicians encompassing four domains: 1) biochemistry (high C-reactive protein (CRP) or leukocytes, hypoalbuminemia, or anemia); 2) food intake (decreased); 3) weight loss over the past 6 months [moderate (≤5%) or significant (>5%)]; and 4) performance status (Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group (ECOG) Performance Status ≥ 3).