Among selected CC-chemokine ligands (CCL2 and CCL5) and CXC-chemokine ligands (CXCL10, CXCL11, CXCL12), we observed significantly lower CXCL12 concentrations in the T1D and OB groups than in the controls (Figure 3C). The gene discussed is CCL5; the disease is type 1 diabetes mellitus.