Inflammatory factors such as IL-1β, IL-6, IL-12, and IL-17 play important roles in the development of NA and steroid resistance, and are also associated with the activation of NLRP3 vesicles and regulating the NF-kB inflammatory signaling pathway during inflammation in asthma (Sánchez-Ovando et al., 2021; Williams et al., 2021; Chen et al., 2022; Chang et al., 2023). Here, IL1B is linked to asthma.