AOC1 and type 2 diabetes mellitus: This gene has been nominated as a functional gene in two multi-ancestry GWA studies.5,6 However, this is the study linking variants in the AOC1 gene with N-acetyl-isoputreanine as part of the causal pathway for T2D.35 Notably, this metabolite was the only one with a negative association in the EUR-specific T2D analyses.