Immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) targeting the interaction of programmed cell death protein-1 (PD-1) with its ligand PD-L1 as a single agent or plus other anti-tumor therapies have dramatically revolutionized the management of non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) and significantly improved patients’ clinical outcomes (1). The gene discussed is PDCD1; the disease is non-small cell lung carcinoma.