MTOR and cancer: To cite an instance, Imatinib is a BCR–ABL fusion tyrosine kinase inhibitor and represents the first kinase inhibitor successfully applied in treating chronic myeloid leukemia (CML).192 Subsequently, inhibitors targeting protein kinases such as mTOR, VEGFR, MAPK, EGFR, CDK12, and ERBB2 have been employed in treating various common malignant tumors.193–197 Employing gene-editing technologies like CRISPR/Cas9 to intervene at the genetic level in cancer cells, whether by knocking out or modifying specific genes, holds the promise of hindering cancer cell proliferation and metastasis.198,199