Further, the DKK1 promoter methylation status of tumor cells in the TCGA database were analyzed, and were found that the DKK1 promoter region of pancreatic adenocarcinoma cells were in hypomethylated state, colon adenocarcinoma cells showed differentially methylated state, and renal cell carcinoma cells showed hypermethylated state (Fig. S8B). Here, DKK1 is linked to neoplasm.