Western blot analysis showed an inversion of the KCC2/NKCC1 ratio in MCD tissue in comparison to control tissue (n = 9 western blots; N = 6 MCDs: two FCD, two TSC and two HMG; N = 3 controls: stroke/Rasmussen/peritumoural cortex). The gene discussed is SLC12A5; the disease is tuberous sclerosis.