High PAX8 expression was associated with low tumor grade in a cohort of 365 non-invasive papillary urothelial carcinomas (p < 0.0001) but unrelated to patient outcome and/or unfavorable tumor phenotype in clear cell renal cell carcinoma, high-grade serous ovarian cancer, and endometrioid endometrium carcinoma (Table 2 and Fig. 4). The gene discussed is PAX8; the disease is neoplasm.