More importantly, a strong correlation was found between CTLA-4 expression on CD4+ lymphocytes and markers of the mTOR pathway mediated autophagic–lysosomal disorder, as expression of mTOR, P62, and LC3II was significantly different between patients with SAI and non-immunosuppressed patients; further, P62 and LC3II expression significantly differed between 28-day survivors and non-survivors. This evidence concerns the gene SQSTM1 and lysosomal storage disease.