Furthermore, combination therapy with syringin and tilianin has been found to treat diabetic cardiomyopathy through interactions with toll-like receptor 4/myeloid differentiation primary response gene 88/NF-κB/nucleotide-binding oligomerization domain-like receptor family, pyrin domain-containing 3 (TLR4/MyD88/NF-κB/NLRP3) and human peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma coactivator one alpha/recombinant sirtuin 3/ROS (PGC1α/SIRT3/ROS) signaling pathways (Yao et al., 2021). The gene discussed is TLR4; the disease is diabetic cardiomyopathy.