TNF and rheumatoid arthritis: TNF signaling has witnessed a growing trend in the therapeutic management of individuals afflicted with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), including ulcerative colitis (UC) and Crohn’s disease (CD), as well as rheumatologic and dermatological conditions such as rheumatoid arthritis (RA), juvenile idiopathic arthritis, and cancer (Evangelatos et al., 2022).