Urinary fractalkine (CX3CL1, Fkn) and serum receptor for advanced glycation end product (RAGE) levels were increased in proliferative LN compared to non-proliferative cases, suggesting a potential link between fractalkine and RAGE concentrations and different pathological types of LN (Lan et al., 2016). Here, CX3CL1 is linked to lobular neoplasia.