Cinnamaldehyde has been found to alleviate the advancement of RA by modulating the succinate/GPR91/HIF-1α axis to limit NLRP3 activation and IL-1β release when administered at 200 mg/kg in vivo and 12.5 μM in vitro (Liu et al., 2020). Here, NLRP3 is linked to rheumatoid arthritis.