TNF and myocardial infarction: Subsequently, Yan et al. investigated how curcumin affected macrophage polarization in MI mice, and the results showed that curcumin decreased M1 macrophages, TNF-α, IL-1β and IL-6 through the AMPK pathway, increased M2 macrophages and IL-10, inhibited early inflammation, and thus impaired myocardial remodeling after 3 months of MI (Yan et al., 2021).