Analysis of rare loss-of-function (LOF) and missense variants assayed via exome sequencing of 14,189 cases with influenza and 811,714 controls did not identify any significant genome-wide associations (Extended Data Fig. 5); however, when we focused on the four genes highlighted above, we found a missense variant in IGSF5 (frequency 0.01%) associated with a 9.2-fold higher risk of medical record influenza, which was significant after correcting for 631 rare variant tests performed across the four genes (P = 2.3 × 10−5; Supplementary Table 9). The gene discussed is IGSF5; the disease is influenza.