Hypothermia was associated with a significant increase in GFAP area fraction compared with ischemia-normothermia (P = 0.001, P = 0.041, P = 0.005 ischemia-hypothermia fast rewarming vs. ischemia-normothermia, and P < 0.001, P = 0.013, P < 0.001 ischemia-hypothermia slow rewarming vs. ischemia-normothermia, in the IGWM1, IGWM2, and PVWM respectively). Here, GFAP is linked to ischemia.