Hypothermia was associated with a significant reduction in the number of Iba-1+ microglia in the IGMW1, IGWM2 and PVWM compared with ischemia-normothermia (P < 0.001 for both ischemia-hypothermia fast rewarming vs. ischemia-normothermia and ischemia-hypothermia slow rewarming vs. ischemia-normothermia in all regions), back to sham control levels. The gene discussed is AIF1; the disease is ischemia.