NPM1 and colitis: To investigate whether NPM1 functions as a transcriptional cofactor that binds to p65 and influences the transcription of p65 target genes in activated ILC3s, we thus monitored the expression of four p65-regulated genes (Cxcl2, Ccl4, Xiap and Cflar) and found that they were dramatically induced in the colitis condition compared with the steady-state condition.