During the initial stages of immune response to parasitic nematode infection, interferon (IFN)-γ and tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α stimulate the activation of phagocytic cells, including granulocytes, monocytes, and macrophages, leading to the production and release of superoxide anion (O2 • −) and hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) to combat infection11,12. This evidence concerns the gene TNF and Nematoda infectious disease.