ALB and Abnormal renal physiology: Previous studies have established associations between decreased eGFR and higher urinary albumin–creatinine ratio (i.e. markers of renal dysfunction and glomerular kidney damage) with increased calcifications in the carotid arteries, coronary arteries, and aorta.34–37 We confirmed that in our cohort, loss of renal function was associated with an increased development of vascular (macro)calcifications.