VIM and astrocytoma (excluding glioblastoma): 3D GBM spheroid cultures of U87 human astrocytoma cells cultured in multi‐channel brain CoCs enabled the identification of vimentin and matrix metalloproteinases‐2 (MMP‐2) as key biomolecules for targeting tumor aggression, metastasis, and invasion.[94] Continuous perfusion employed in the GBM‐chip facilitated tumor invasion studies, and this design allows for testing of already‐developed vimentin‐ and MMP‐2‐targeted chemotherapies.[94, 271, 272]